Napa wine, absolute concrete, and wine racks

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· Sensory:The authors found that the wines from minimally-irrigated vines had the most fruity and the
least vegetal attributes, whereas the wines from standard irrigation vines were the most
vegetal and the least fruity. More specifically, the wines made from minimally irrigated vines were
significantly higher in red/blackberry aroma, jam/cooked berry aroma, dried fruit/raisin aroma, and fruit
by mouth than the wines from the treatments receiving either standard or double irrigation. Kitchen wine rack. The double -
irrigated wines were perceived to be, by comparison, very low in both vegetal and fruity aromas, low in
bitterness, and low in astringency. In other words, these wines behaved for most attributes as if they had
Summary 8
been diluted. The authors mention in the discussion that this agrees with a previous study that found that
fruity wines were most often associated with vines grown on low water-holding-capacity soils, whereas
vegetal wines were usually associated with high water-holding-capacity soils.

· Tannins: The standard irrigation wines were the highest in tannin concentration, measured using the
Davis protein precipitation assay. This result matched the sensory panel’s higher astringency ratings of
this wine.
· Pyrazines: In contrast to tannin levels, the pyrazine concentrations did not follow the perceived vegetal
aroma intensities. Wall wine rack. The authors suggest that, even if a high level of pyrazinee were present, some other
compounds produced by the minimally-irrigated vines (such as esters, acetate esters, fatty acids, or
norisoprenoids) might have enhanced fruity aromas that would have masked the vegetal ones.

· The authors discussed the possibility of whether treatment differences in grape maturity at harvest
might have influenced the results. In their opinion, the sensory differences observed were likely not due to
differences in sugar accumulation alone, given that an effort was made to harvest all treatments at a
similar Brix. It is common in many viticultural trials to have to face the difficult choice of 1) trying to
match Brix, or 2) trying to match picking date. The authors believe both approaches are valid, and
mention the pros and cons of each wall wine rack.
The research presented confirms some things that winegrowers and winemakers have assumed for several
years now. Difficult as the task seemed, the authors were able to address the sensory portion of the
research in a rigorous and methodical fashion . This was critic al to the validity of their findings. Their
results is the scientific proof that our beliefs were correct: if we want to emphasize fruity aromas and
reduce the vegetal character of a wine, we need to start by practicing some level of deficit irrigation in the
vineyard.

The Concrete Industry Management
Program at California State
University, Chico, is proud to announce
their first graduates: Cyrus
Dworak, Chad Christie, Kevin
Albert, Gessel Balderrabano, Brant
Guido, Frank Corzine, and Jeff
Kelly. Seattle countertops accompanying Tanya Komas
on stage for graduation was
Dr. Dirk Vanderloop, Professor
Emeritus and true friend to the
students and the program. Chairman
of the Chico State CIM Patrons,
Doug Guerrero, joined the
celebration on graduation day and
proudly honored the graduates by
saying, "Most of the graduates
have already found employment
within the concrete industry, which
is an excellent tribute to their worthiness,
especially in these difficult
times for the construction materials
industry." We wish these fine
young men and women the best of
luck in their lives and careers and
look forward to their continued
involvement in the CIM program
as future CIM patrons.




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